


ZWRITE(1)                 User Commands                 ZWRITE(1)



NAME
     zwrite - write to another user via Zephyr

SYNOPSIS
     zwrite [ -a ] [ -d ] [ -v ] [ -q ] [ -t ] [ -u ] [ -o ] [ -n
     ]  [  -l  ] [ -O opcode ] [ -s signature ] [ -c class ] [ -i
     instance ] [ -f arg ] [ user ...  ] [ -m message ]

DESCRIPTION
     _Z_w_r_i_t_e sends a message from you to another user through  the
     _z_e_p_h_y_r(_1)  notification  service.   The  user must have sub-
     scribed to messages of the appropriate  class  and  instance
     using the _z_c_t_l(_1) program.

     _Z_w_r_i_t_e understands the following options.

     -a           Causes _z_w_r_i_t_e to  send  the  message  authenti-
                 cated, using _K_e_r_b_e_r_o_s to perform the authentica-
                 tion.  This is the default.

     -d           Causes _z_w_r_i_t_e to send the  message  unauthenti-
                 cated.

     -v           Causes _z_w_r_i_t_e to print what type of message  it
                 is  sending,  and whether or not it was success-
                 ful.

     -q           Forces _z_w_r_i_t_e  to  suppress  information  about
                 whether or not the message was sent.

     -t           Prevents _z_w_r_i_t_e from expanding tabs in the mes-
                 sage  into  appropriate spaces.  Normally _z_w_r_i_t_e
                 will expand any tabs it finds into the appropri-
                 ate  number  of  spaces  to  maintain separation
                 based on 8-character tab stops.

     -l           Causes _z_w_r_i_t_e to ignore `.' on a line by itself
                 in  the  input and only end a typed message when
                 the user types the end-of-file  character  (usu-
                 ally control-D).  When the input is not a termi-
                 nal, this is the default action.

     -u           Sends an  urgent  message.   This  changes  the
                 _z_e_p_h_y_r instance of the message to ``URGENT''.

     -o           Causes _z_w_r_i_t_e to ignore  the  Zephyr  variables
                 _z_w_r_i_t_e-_c_l_a_s_s,   _z_w_r_i_t_e-_i_n_s_t,  and  _z_w_r_i_t_e-_o_p_c_o_d_e
                 when picking  a  default  class,  instance,  and
                 opcode.

     -n           prevents _z_w_r_i_t_e from sending a PING message  to
                 verify the recipient is subscribing to messages.



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                 By default, _z_w_r_i_t_e will send  a  notice  to  the
                 destination class, instance, and recipient, with
                 opcode ``PING'' before sending the message.   If
                 the  PING is sent, and the server response indi-
                 cates there are no recipients subscribed to your
                 message, _z_w_r_i_t_e exits without sending a message.
                 When the -m option is used, no PING is sent.

     -s _s_i_g_n_a_t_u_r_e
                 sets the signature to be included  in  the  mes-
                 sage.   This  overrides both the user's name (as
                 found in the password file) and any  setting  of
                 the Zephyr variable _z_w_r_i_t_e-_s_i_g_n_a_t_u_r_e.  _s_i_g_n_a_t_u_r_e
                 must be a single argument, hence  when  using  a
                 shell it should be quoted with double quotes.  A
                 _s_i_g_n_a_t_u_r_e argument of "" leaves the signature in
                 the message empty.

     -c _c_l_a_s_s     Allows a user to specify a different class  for
                 the  message.   This allows a message to be sent
                 to a large group of people with some  degree  of
                 security.   See  _z_e_p_h_y_r(_1)  and _z_e_p_h_y_r_d(_8) for a
                 description  of  how  to  restrict   access   to
                 classes.   When  this  option  is specified, the
                 message is sent to recipient "*" unless an addi-
                 tional list of recipients is specified.
                 This argument may not  be  used  in  conjunction
                 with the -f option.

     -i _i_n_s_t_a_n_c_e  Allows a user to specify a  different  instance
                 than the default.  When this option is used, the
                 message is sent to recipient "*" unless an addi-
                 tional  list  of  recipients is specified.  This
                 allows a message to be sent to a large group  of
                 people (e.g. a development group) just by having
                 the members subscribe to messages of class "MES-
                 SAGE",  the  specified  instance,  and recipient
                 "*".
                 This argument may not  be  used  in  conjunction
                 with the -f option.

     -O _o_p_c_o_d_e    Allows a user to specify a different opcode for
                 the  message.   Some  Zephyr notice display pro-
                 grams may  use  the  opcode  to  decide  how  to
                 display a notice.

     -f _a_r_g       Allows a user to  specify  an  argument  to  be
                 interpreted  as a filesystem specification.  The
                 class is set to FILSRV.  he instance is  set  to
                 _a_r_g  as  modified:   If  _a_r_g  contains no colons
                 (`:'), it is assumed to be a host name,  and  it
                 is  converted  into  an  official  host name via



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                 _g_e_t_h_o_s_t_b_y_n_a_m_e(_3). If _a_r_g contains a  colon,  the
                 portion preceding the colon is treated as a host
                 name, and the colon and any trailing  characters
                 are  appended  to the offical host name returned
                 by _g_e_t_h_o_s_t_b_y_n_a_m_e. If the name fails  to  resolve
                 into  an official host name, the instance is set
                 to _a_r_g unmodified.
                 This option may not be used in conjunction  with
                 the -c or -i option.

     -m           _Z_w_r_i_t_e sends the  remaining  arguments  on  the
                 command line as the message.

     If the -_m option is not specified, the user is prompted  for
     the  message  to  be sent.  The message may be terminated by
     typing ^D or ``.'' on a line by itself.

     The default class for messages is ``MESSAGE'',  the  default
     instance  is ``PERSONAL'', andthe default opcode is ``'' (an
     empty string).  These defaults can be overridden by  setting
     the  Zephyr variables _z_w_r_i_t_e-_c_l_a_s_s, _z_w_r_i_t_e-_i_n_s_t, and _z_w_r_i_t_e-
     _o_p_c_o_d_e, respectively.  Command-line options can override the
     defaults.

     If the class is  ``MESSAGE''  and  the  instance  is  either
     ``PERSONAL''  or  ``URGENT'', a recipient must be specified.
     These comparisons are case-sensitive.

     Unless the -s option is used, the  contents  of  the  Zephyr
     variable  _z_w_r_i_t_e-_s_i_g_n_a_t_u_r_e  are  used  to augment the user's
     username in the message.  If _z_w_r_i_t_e-_s_i_g_n_a_t_u_r_e is not set and
     the   - s  option is not specified, the user's full name (as
     specified in the password file) is used instead.

BUGS
     Tab expansion should really be done by the receiver  of  the
     message.
     The -u option is provided for compatibility  with  old  ver-
     sions  of  _z_w_r_i_t_e  and is not necessarily useful for sending
     messages to users who do not have old subscription files.

SEE ALSO
     kerberosintro(1),  zctl(1),  zephyr(1),   zwgc(1),   zhm(8),
     zephyrd(8), gethostbyname(3)
     Project Athena Technical Plan Section E.4.1, `Zephyr Notifi-
     cation Service'

FILES
     /etc/passwd
     $HOME/.zephyr.vars





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ZWRITE(1)                 User Commands                 ZWRITE(1)



AUTHOR
     Robert S. French (MIT-Project Athena)

RESTRICTIONS
     Copyright (c) 1987,1988 by the  Massachusetts  Institute  of
     Technology.  All Rights Reserved.
     _z_e_p_h_y_r(_1) specifies the terms and conditions for redistribu-
     tion.















































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